Ilungele ukwenza ukukalwa kokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation (IR), isilinganiso sokumuncwa (i-DAR), inkomba ye-polarization (PI), i-leakage current (Ix) kanye ne-absorption capacitance (Cx) yazo zonke izinhlobo zemishini yamandla kagesi aphezulu, okuhlanganisa i-switchgear, ama-transformers, ama-reactors, ama-capacitor, ama-motor, amajeneretha namakhebula, njll.